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Treatment: Overheads
Treatment
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Care as a Social Issue
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Clinical Assessment
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Biological Treatments
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Varieties of Psychotherapy
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Virtual Reality Therapy for Phobia
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Evaluating Psychotherapies
Differences
Between Therapies
| Type of Therapy |
Origin of Disorder |
Goals of Therapy |
Methods |
| Psychodynamic |
Unconscious conflict |
Insight, personality reconstruction |
free assoc., dream anal., catharsis, transference |
| Humanistic |
Self-concept |
Self-growth |
Unconditional + regard |
| Cognitive |
Irrational thought |
Positive thought |
Thought change |
| Behavioural |
Maladaptive behaviour |
Adaptive behaviour |
Classical & operant conditioning |
| Biomedical |
Physiological |
Eliminate symptoms |
drugs, ECT, surgery |
Types of Therapists...
Psychiatrists
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MDs who specialize in diagnosis and treatment
of mental disorders.
Clinical Psychologists
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PhDs who diagnose and treat people with
mental disorders.
Counseling Psychologists
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(MAs and) PHDs who diagnose and treat
people with school, job, and/or daily living problems.
Counselors, Therapists
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(Anyone) MAs who diagnose and treat school,
job, and/or daily living problems.
(Psychiatric) Social Workers
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Work with people (generally client and
others) to overcome daily living problems (generally in a team).
Psychiatric nurses
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Nurses who specialize in working with
people with mental disorders.
Types
of Clients...
Olfson & Pincus (1996) U.S. therapy use rates
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Insured
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Divorced
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Educated
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Middle aged
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Females
Olfson & Pincus (1994) U.S. visitation rates
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36% Psychologists
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27% Psychiatrists
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28% Other Mental Health
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9% Physicians
Reiger, Narrow, et al. (1993) Likelihood of seeking
treatment
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63% of people with schizophrenic disorders
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41% of people with mood disorders
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29% of people with anxiety disorders
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26% of people with antisocial personality
disorders
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20% with substance-related disorders
Some Therapies
Work Better for Some Disorders
Reflect on differences between therapies and what
might be more suited for treating what type of disorder:
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Anxiety disorders, such as phobia
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Dissociative disorders, such as DID
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Eating disorders, such as anorexia
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Schizophrenia
Virtual Reality
Therapy for Phobia
VR used for
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Spider phobia
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Flying phobia
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Social phobia (public speaking)
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Acrophobia
Drug Therapy
for Phobia
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Beta-blockers (propranolol) -
performance anxiety
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MAO inhibitors (phenelzine) -
decreased hypersensitivity
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(fluoxetine) - work in dogs at least
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Benzodiazepines (alprazolam) -
decrease anxiety
What works best?
Heimberg & Liebowitz (1996?)
Social Phobia
Drug therapy (phenelzine)
vs. cognitive/behavioural therapy
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80% improvement for each group
during therapy
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50% relapse for drug therapy group
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17% relapse for cog/beh therapy
group
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