Psyco 105 Individual and Social Behaviour Help Psych home
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Reading the Research: Overheads


Reports of Empirical Research

Three classes of writing 

  • Report of empirical research 
  • Review 
  • Theory/position paper
  • Why Read Reports of Empirical Research?

    Goals of Undergraduate Psychology: 

  • Develop skepticism about explanations and conclusions 
  • Learn to inquire about causes and effects 
  • Know research methods 
  • Critically analyze arguments

  • Parts of a Report of Empirical Research

  • Title, authors, affiliation 
  • Abstract 
  • Introduction 
  • Methods 
  • Results 
  • Discussion 
  • References

  • Title, Authors, Affiliation

    Title summarizes the main idea 

    Authors and affiliation 

  • Provide a potential indication of quality 
  • Allow contact

  • Abstract

    Short summary of the entire article 

    • Objective 
    • Methods 
    • Results 
    • Importance 
    Read for an overview of the research

    Introduction
     

    Introduction of the problem 

    Review of the literature 

    Statement of purpose and rationale
     

    Method

    Essential for evaluating approach to the research question(s) 

    Help determine reliability and validity of the results 

    Components: 

    • Participants 
    • Apparatus/Materials 
    • (Design) 
    • Procedure
    Results

    Summary of data collected and statistical treatment 

    Tables and figures 

    Statistical presentation
     

    Discussion

    Authors’ evaluation and interpretation of the results 

    Implications and generalizations

    References

    Reference citations document statements made about the literature 

    Useful for obtaining further information
     
     
     

    Reading strategy

    Read Abstract, look up unfamiliar terms 

    Read Introduction, look for research questions 

    Read Method, understand what was done 

    Skim Results, study figures and tables 

    Read Discussion, evaluate scientific merit
     
     
     

    Reading the Research

    Designed to help students learn how to read and critically evaluate reports of empirical research 

    Introduction to the task 

    Summary of the report 

    Factual questions 

    Critical thinking questions 
     
     

    Kenrick, D.T., Keefe, R.C., Gabrielidis, C., & Cornelius, J.S. (1996). Adolescents’ age preferences for dating partners: Support for an evolutionary model of life-history strategies. Child Development, 67, 1499-1511.

    Read, work through the module

    Particularly critical critical thinking questions:

    • Is the research design appropriate for the research question(s)? (Method)
    • Are the measures appropriate for addressing the research question(s)? (Method)
    • Can the results be used to answer the research question(s)? (Results)
    • Are the conclusions important? Why or why not? (Discussion)