Week 3 Overheads

Distance Estimation

Parallax

• Gerbil head bobbing

Collett and Harkness (1982): Chameleons

• Arboreal lizards
• Take gap or detour?

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Morris Water Maze

Morris (1981)

• Circular tank, opaque water, platform
  1. platform fixed location, visible
  2. plaftorm random location, visible
  3. platform fixed location, hidden
  4. platform random location, hidden
• Train: single release point --- Test: different release points
• Similarity to hoverfly situation

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Gobies and Tide Pools

Aronsen (1971)

• Gobies are small tide pool fish
• Change pools
• Without high tide: 15% of fish to main tank
• With high tide: 97% of fish to main tank
  

• 40 day delay after high tide...fish remember position of main tank

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Tortoise Calcium Mines

Marlow and Tollestrup (1982)

• Desert tortoises dig calcium mines
• Use same mines for years
• Foraging range: 100 m diameter from home burrow
  

• Mine location: several hundred meters from home burrow
• Direct path to mine from burrow
• Spatial (landmark) memory

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Amphiprion and Anemones

Mariscal (1971)

• Symbiotic relationship
• Home anemone
• Wild and laboratory studies
• Spatial location first, anemone second

Sciurid Feed Station

Devenport and Devenport (1994)

• Ground dwelling sciurids (chipmunks, ground squirrels)
• Preferentially revisit original feeder location
• Hierarchical spatial cues
• External landmarks, visual cues
• Caching behaviour?

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Sex Differences in Deer Mice

Xia and Millar (1986)

• Hypotheses
  1. dispersion of each sex is not independent of the other sex
  2. within-sex avoidance and between-sex association
  3. probability of adult female with same sex neighbor less than probability of adult male with same sex neighor
• Predation issue
• Energy requirements
• Laboratory vs. field studies

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Tiger Salamander Route Fidelity

Loredo, van Vuren, and Morrison (1996)

• Suggest route fidelity
• Adults: to ponds in autumn
• Juveniles: away from ponds in spring
• Burrow habitation
  • Opportunistic? Remembered?

Range Fidelity

Rautenstrach and Krausman (1989)

• Xeric condition mule deer habitat
• Males: all migratory. Females: half migratory.
• Resource (water) uncertainty

Brown (1992)

• Idaho
• RAnge fidelity: 100 per cent females, 92 per cent males
• Less attachment to winter than summer ranges
• Seasonal weather severity

Histol and Hjeljord (1993)

• Norway moose
• Winter range fidelity (especially migrating moose)
• Migrating/nonmigrating foraging differences
• Nutrient requirements

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Screaming Hairy Armadillos

Cassini (1993)

• Foraging patch study
• Marginal value theorem
• Random or systematic foraging patterns?
• V-shaped alley with patches at arm ends
• No random search found: armadillos used systematic pattern
  

• Within patch spiral search pattern
• Between patch and within patch
• Systematic search seen across species

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Puerto Rican Frogs

Gonser and Woolbright (1995)

• Eleutherodactylus conqui
• Tree frogs
• Displacement experiments
  

• Auditory or olfactory cues?

Newt Navigation

Phillips, Adler, and Borland (1995)

• Claim true navigation
• Controlled for compass cues during transport
• Transported newts from ponds to research station
• Orient towards home pond