Traits vs. situations as predictors of behaviour

Identification of personality traits (Allport’s search for traits, Catell-16PF, Eysenck’s 3-factor theory, The Big 5 Factor Model)

What is Social Learning Theory?

Observational learning

Expectancy (definition)

Self-efficacy (Bandura)

Reciprocal determinism (definition)

Person variables (competencies, encoding strategies and personal constructs, and expectancies)

Locus of Control (Rotter – Internal and External locust of control)

Psychodynamic (definition)

Sigmund Freud (development of his theory – major points)

The unconscious and. conscious mind (definitions)

Structures of the mind (Id, Ego, Superego)

Libido (definition)

Pleasure principle vs. reality principle (definitions)

Ego-ideal (definition)

Manifest vs. latent content (definitions)

Defence mechanisms (Repression, Reaction formation Displacement (sublimation), Projection, Rationalization, Conversion)

Psychosexual Theory of Personality Development (Oral stage, Anal stage, Phallic stage, Latency period, Genital stage)

Fixation (definition)

Who are the Neo-Freudians? (Those who further developed Freud’s theories)

Jung (archetypes)

Adler (striving for superiority)

Horney (3 Basic orientations – moving towards others, moving against others, and moving away from others)

What is the Humanistic approach? (definition)

Maslow (Hierarchy of Needs)

Self-Actualization (definition)

Rogers (Conditions of worth, unconditional positive regard)

Kelley’s Theory of Attribution (consensual behaviour, distinctiveness, consistency, attribution)

External factors (People events, and other stimuli in an individual’s environment can affect her thoughts, feelings, attitudes and behaviours)

Internal factors (A person’s traits, needs and intentions can affect her thoughts, feelings, attitudes and behaviours)

Self-serving Bias (The tendency to attribute our accomplishments and successes to internal causes and our failures and mistakes to external causes)

False consensus (definition)

Representativeness heuristic (base-rate fallacy)

Availability heuristic (definition)

What is an attitude? (Affective components of attitudes, mere exposure effect, cognitive components of attitudes, behavioural components of attitudes, self-attribution)

What is prejudice? (Prejudice, prejudiced attitude)

Origins of prejudice (in competition, role of self-esteem, role of social cognition)

Theories of Prejudice (Authoritarian Personality Theory, Realistic Conflict Theory, Social Identity Theory, overcoming Prejudice, old-Fashioned and Modern Racism/Sexism)

Controlled vs. Automatic Processing (Devine, 1989)

Self-fulfilling prophecies (definition)

Healthy and unhealthy lifestyles (lifestyles, cancer, serum cholesterol, physical fitness, cultural reactions to contagious diseases, health psychology)

Stressor (stimuli that are perceived as threatening well-being)

Distress (negative psychological response to stressor(s))

Types of Stressors (Major Life Events, Daily Hassles)

Types of Conflict (Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance, Avoidance-Avoidance)

General Adaptation Syndrome (In reaction to chronic exposure to severe stressors, the body goes through 3 stages, including: alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion)

Coping strategy (A plan of action that a person follows to reduce the perceived level of stress, either in anticipation of encountering a stressor or in response to its occurrence)

Emotion-focused coping (Any coping behaviour that is directed toward changing one’s own emotional reaction to a stressor)

Coping with Stress (Cognitive reappraisal, social support, relaxation and leisure activities, stress inoculation training, cognitive reappraisal, progressive relaxation technique)